What component protects the system from power surges and short-circuits in an x-ray circuit?

The component that protects the system from power surges and short circuits in an x-ray circuit is the circuit breaker. A circuit breaker is designed to interrupt the flow of electricity in the event of an overload or a short circuit, ensuring that damage is prevented and the electrical system remains safe. When the current exceeds a predetermined threshold, the circuit breaker automatically trips, cutting off the power supply to protect both the equipment and the users from potential hazards like overheating or electrical fires.

In contrast, while a fuse also provides protection by breaking the circuit when excessive current flows, it requires replacement after it blows, which can lead to downtime. A transformer is primarily used to change the voltage levels within the circuit, and a switch serves to control the flow of electricity but does not provide protective functions against surges or shorts. Thus, the circuit breaker is the most effective component in safeguarding against these electrical issues in an x-ray circuit.