What is the turns ratio of a transformer defined as?

The turns ratio of a transformer is defined as the number of primary turns to the number of secondary turns. This ratio is fundamental in determining how the primary voltage relates to the secondary voltage. It characterizes how the transformer steps-up or steps-down voltage levels.

The turns ratio is critical for understanding the transformer's operation. If the primary winding has more turns than the secondary, the transformer is a step-down transformer, reducing voltage and increasing current. Conversely, if the secondary has more turns than the primary, the transformer is a step-up transformer, elevating voltage while reducing current.

Knowing the turns ratio allows engineers and technicians to calculate the expected output voltage based on the voltage applied to the primary side, following the formula:

[

V_s = V_p \times \frac{N_s}{N_p}

]

where ( V_s ) is the secondary voltage, ( V_p ) is the primary voltage, ( N_s ) is the number of secondary turns, and ( N_p ) is the number of primary turns. This understanding is crucial in designing and utilizing transformers effectively in various applications.