Which of the following is accurate regarding step-down transformers?

Step-down transformers are specifically designed to decrease voltage while increasing amperage. This principle stems from the law of conservation of energy, which states that the power input to the transformer must equal the power output, minus any losses. Since power (measured in watts) is the product of voltage (in volts) and current (in amperes), a step-down transformer reduces voltage on the secondary side compared to the primary side. Consequently, to maintain the power balance as the voltage drops, the current must increase.

In practical applications, this is crucial for ensuring that devices requiring lower voltage levels can operate safely and effectively without being overloaded. For instance, if the primary voltage is high and the device needs a lower operating voltage, the step-down transformer provides that lower voltage while simultaneously allowing for a higher current to flow to meet the power needs of the device.

This understanding highlights the operational principle of step-down transformers and why the option that reflects the correct relationship between voltage and current in these transformers accurately states that they decrease voltage and increase amperage.